Black Uhuru

Among reggae ensembles from the second wave, Jamaica's Black Uhuru emerged as the most prosperous, upholding strong standards across decades even while experiencing repeated lineup shifts. Earning recognition as the first reggae act to claim a Grammy, which they received for the 1983 album Anthem, the group delivered an energetic and forward-thinking style throughout its peak years in the 1970s and early 1980s. With Derrick "Duckie" Simpson serving as the constant presence, the original members reunited early in the 1990s and earned fresh praise through releases such as Now and Strongg, only to divide amid conflicts that led to litigation awarding Simpson sole rights to the name, later used on Dynasty in 2001. Apart from occasional joint performances by Simpson and 1980s member Michael Rose, the 2000s produced little beyond speculation surrounding the long-promised As the World Turns, which finally appeared in 2018. Honoring their 50th anniversary, Black Uhuru issued New Day in 2022.

Deriving its name from the Swahili term for "freedom," the band originated in 1972 within Kingston's Waterhouse district through Simpson, Don Carlos, and Rudolph "Garth" Dennis. Operating at first as Black Sounds Uhuru, they shortened the title to its common form five years afterward. After struggling to obtain a recording deal, Carlos departed for solo work while Dennis joined the Wailing Souls. Simpson, the sole continuous link across all phases, rebuilt the lineup around Errol "Jay" Wilson and the distinctive lead vocals of Michael Rose. Supported by drummer Sly Dunbar and bassist Robbie Shakespeare, later renowned as the production team Sly & Robbie, Black Uhuru forged a distinctive approach that stood alongside any reggae outfit. Their first album, Love Crisis, arrived in 1977 and featured the anthemic single "I Love King Selassie." Remixed three years later, the project reappeared as Black Sounds of Freedom, marking the initial release under the Black Uhuru name.

The 1981 arrival of harmony vocalist Puma Jones, a Black Columbia University Master's graduate and former Mama Africa member, ushered in the group's strongest commercial stretch. They issued the widely admired studio follow-up Red along with the live set Tear It Up, then reached their height with Anthem in 1983. An American remix of the album later received a European reissue. Though Anthem earned the Grammy for Best Reggae Recording, internal tensions split the band the next year. Rose gave way to Junior Reid, who stayed alongside Jones until 1989. Reid exited after visa issues blocked touring, while Jones, succeeded by Janet "Olufunke" Reid, stepped away following a cancer diagnosis and died on January 28, 1990, with burial in her native South Carolina.

Simpson, Carlos, and Dennis reformed at the start of the 1990s and produced a strong run of trio albums. Beginning with 1990's Now, Black Uhuru recaptured commercial and critical momentum comparable to their earlier peak, securing three additional Grammy nominations for Iron Storm (1991), Mystical Truth (1993), and Strongg (1994). By 1996 the group had split once more, as Simpson and dub poet Yasus Afari performed under the name in Europe while Carlos and Dennis toured the United States as Black Uhuru. After legal proceedings, Simpson secured ownership of the name in 1997 and rebuilt the ensemble with Jennifer "Nyah" Connelly and Andrew Bees. This configuration released Unification (1998) and the well-regarded Dynasty in 2001, which revisited the early-1980s sound and again featured Sly & Robbie.

Activity slowed during the 2000s, as Bees resumed his solo path in 2003 and Simpson teamed with Michael Rose for tours billed as Black Uhuru feat. Michael Rose. In 2012, after prolonged rumors of new material, Simpson, Bees, and Kay Starr finished an album intended as As the World Turns, yet discovered corrupted master files that left only one track intact. They persisted for several more years, briefly adding young reggae singer Jojo Mac from 2014 to 2016. Fronted by Simpson and Bees, the band completed the delayed project, allowing As the World Turns to emerge in 2018, fifteen years after their prior studio album. Their following release came far sooner. In 2022, marking the 50th anniversary, Simpson and Bees recruited Dylan's Dharma, Baharat Karmakar, and King Hopeton for New Day. While Simpson has remained the central leader, this marked the second consecutive album showcasing him prominently on lead vocals.