Luther Campbell, the business-minded leader of 2 Live Crew from its formation in the mid-1980s, developed Luke as an independent solo outlet alongside his group commitments. His debut under that name arrived as 1993’s In the Nude, which was succeeded by an X-rated Christmas album and a greatest-hits collection; a subsequent agreement with Island then yielded 1997’s Changin' the Game. Three years afterward came Luke’s Freak Fest 2000, while Somethin' Nasty reached stores in spring 2001. In 2006 Campbell declared his retirement from hip-hop in order to start an adult-video company, closing the chapter for listeners with the three-CD anthology My Life & Freaky Times.