Tom Petty

Tom Petty forged a path between longstanding rock conventions and the fresh currents of new wave, injecting renewed vigor into the ringing guitar textures of the Byrds and the gritty propulsion of the Rolling Stones across his first albums recorded with the Heartbreakers during the final years of the 1970s. Throughout the decades that followed, he developed and polished that fusion while keeping guitarist Mike Campbell and keyboardist Benmont Tench—both of whom had performed with him since the early 1970s in the loose country-rock group Mudcrutch—close at hand. Such steadfast lineup stability and loyalty to 1960s sonic foundations pushed his output toward classic-rock territory, a view that sometimes masked the range inside his catalog and the faintly rebellious edge he displayed upon issuing his debut album with the Heartbreakers in 1976. The spare, direct approach of Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers aligned with the stripped-down ethos of the Ramones, its unvarnished quality clear in the signature track “American Girl,” a rock & roll staple that failed to register on the charts upon its 1977 release. Petty waited until partnering with producer Jimmy Iovine for the 1979 album Damn the Torpedoes—a polished, streamlined arena-rock statement that yielded hits in “Don't Do Me Like That” and “Refugee”—to score his first major success. From that point, Petty & the Heartbreakers assembled an extensive body of recordings grounded in rock lineage yet adaptable to excursions into MTV fame, thematic projects, and glossy experimentation, alongside the occasional solo venture by their frontman. His individual releases—the ornate Jeff Lynne-produced Full Moon Fever and the intimate Wildflowers, cut with Rick Rubin—ranked among his strongest sellers, yet he stayed loyal to the band format, remaining with the Heartbreakers both in the studio and on tour from the mid-1990s into the mid-2010s. The group marked four decades together with a 40th Anniversary Tour in 2017; shortly afterward, Petty died following an accidental drug overdose. His death underscored his stature as one of the era’s foremost rock performers and singer-songwriters, the creator of a catalog that felt both enduring and immediate.

Raised in northern Florida, Petty took up music while still attending high school. At seventeen he left school to join Mudcrutch, whose members already included guitarist Mike Campbell and keyboardist Benmont Tench. By 1970 the band had relocated to Los Angeles in pursuit of a recording contract. The newly established Shelter Records, launched by Leon Russell and Denny Cordell, signed the group, yet Mudcrutch dissolved soon after arriving in L.A. Cordell offered to record Petty as a solo artist, though the singer approached the suggestion with hesitation. Over the next several years Petty moved among various ensembles before reconnecting with Campbell and Tench in 1975. At that moment the pair were working with bassist Ron Blair and drummer Stan Lynch; Petty soon joined them, and the ensemble adopted the name the Heartbreakers. Still bound to Shelter, the musicians transferred his agreement to the group and issued Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers in 1976.

At first the debut attracted little notice in the United States, but after the band toured Britain supporting Nils Lofgren the album gained traction. Within months the Heartbreakers were headlining their own U.K. dates and the record entered the British Top 30. Capitalizing on that overseas momentum, Shelter promoted the album and the single “Breakdown” domestically, this time successfully; “Breakdown” reached the Top 40 while “American Girl” became a fixture on album-oriented radio. The Heartbreakers’ second album, You’re Gonna Get It, appeared in 1978 and marked their first American Top 40 entry. Just as Petty & the Heartbreakers seemed poised for major success, they encountered serious contractual obstacles. Shelter’s parent company ABC was acquired by MCA, prompting Petty to renegotiate his deal. When MCA rejected most of his requests, he declared bankruptcy in mid-1979. He soon reached an accord with the label and signed to its Backstreet subsidiary. Damn the Torpedoes, released late that year, became his first Backstreet album.

The record proved his breakthrough, earning widespread critical praise, delivering the Top Ten single “Don't Do Me Like That” and the number 15 “Refugee,” and holding the number-two U.S. chart position for seven weeks; it eventually sold more than two million copies. At the height of his popularity, Petty again clashed with the label while preparing Hard Promises, the 1981 follow-up. MCA planned to price the album at $9.98, then a premium rate. Petty resisted, threatening to withhold the record and rallying fans to protest, ultimately compelling the company to issue it at $8.98. Hard Promises reached the Top Ten, achieved platinum status, and produced the hit “The Waiting.” Later that year Petty produced Del Shannon’s comeback album Drop Down and Get Me and co-wrote “Stop Draggin' My Heart Around” as a duet with Stevie Nicks. Included on her album Bella Donna, recorded with the Heartbreakers’ participation, the track climbed to number three. Petty & the Heartbreakers returned late in 1982 with Long After Dark, their third consecutive Top Ten album. After its release bassist Ron Blair departed and was replaced by Howie Epstein, previously a member of John Hiatt’s band.

Petty & the Heartbreakers devoted nearly three years to Southern Accents, the successor to Long After Dark. Enlisting Eurythmics’ Dave Stewart as producer, they broadened their musical palette to encompass soul, psychedelia, and new wave. The sessions proved difficult; at one point Petty reportedly struck a studio wall in frustration over the mix, breaking his left hand. Southern Accents finally emerged in spring 1985, preceded by the neo-psychedelic single “Don't Come Around Here No More,” which carried a widely seen pseudo-Alice in Wonderland video. The album became another success, peaking at number seven and attaining platinum certification. Following its release, Petty & the Heartbreakers spent 1986 touring as Bob Dylan’s backing band. Dylan appeared on the lead single “Jammin’ Me” from the Heartbreakers’ next album, Let Me Up (I've Had Enough), issued amid mixed notices in spring 1987. Shortly after the record’s arrival, a fire destroyed Petty’s house and most of his possessions, though he, his wife, and two daughters escaped unharmed.

In 1988 Petty joined the supergroup the Traveling Wilburys alongside Dylan, George Harrison, Roy Orbison, and Jeff Lynne. The Wilburys’ debut album appeared at the end of that year, its sound shaping the blueprint for Petty’s first solo project, 1989’s Full Moon Fever. Produced by Lynne and featuring support from most of the Heartbreakers, Full Moon Fever reached number three on the U.S. charts, earned triple-platinum certification, and yielded the hits “I Won't Back Down,” “Runnin’ Down a Dream,” and “Free Fallin’,” the last of which peaked at number seven. In 1990 Petty contributed to the Traveling Wilburys’ second album, Vol. 3. He officially rejoined the Heartbreakers for Into the Great Wide Open, also produced by Jeff Lynne. Released in spring 1991, the album maintained the commercial momentum of Full Moon Fever, receiving strong reviews and going platinum.

After 1993’s Greatest Hits, which included two new Rick Rubin-produced tracks featuring the Top 20 single “Mary Jane's Last Dance,” Petty moved from MCA to Warner Bros.; the signing disclosed a $20 million agreement he had secured in 1989. Drummer Stan Lynch exited the Heartbreakers in 1994 while Petty was recording his second solo album with Rubin and several Heartbreakers members. Like its predecessor, 1994’s Wildflowers drew enthusiastic notices and sales, matching Full Moon Fever as his biggest-selling studio album. It reached triple-platinum status, peaked at number eight, and spawned the hits “You Don't Know How It Feels,” “You Wreck Me,” and “It's Good to Be King.” Petty & the Heartbreakers reunited in 1996 to record the soundtrack for the Edward Burns film She’s the One. The resulting album reached number 15 on the U.S. charts and achieved gold status. Echo followed three years later, becoming the first Heartbreakers record to enter the Top Ten in nearly fifteen years.

The Last DJ, a pointed critique of corporate practices in the music industry, arrived in 2002, followed in 2006 by the solo album Highway Companion; both entered the Top Ten, with Highway Companion later certified gold in the United States. Afterward Petty reassembled his original band Mudcrutch for a 2008 album and tour. Mojo, credited to Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers, appeared on Reprise in 2010. The group toured regularly over the next four years before returning in summer 2014 with Hypnotic Eye, their first number-one album. Two years later Petty reconvened Mudcrutch for their second release, titled 2. On October 2, 2017, Petty was discovered in cardiac arrest at his home and died later that day at a Santa Monica hospital. Nearly a year afterward, his family and band issued the box set An American Treasure as a tribute. A double-disc hits collection, The Best of Everything, followed in March 2019. Before his death Petty had begun work on an expanded reissue of 1994’s Wildflowers that restored the project to its intended double-album length. His family and collaborators completed the effort posthumously, releasing it as the box set Wildflowers...And All the Rest in October 2020. The same team produced a revised version of Songs and Music from “She’s the One” that removed Wildflowers outtakes and incorporated previously unreleased material; retitled Angel Dream, it appeared in July 2021. Live at the Fillmore, 1997, the next major archival release from Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers, arrived in November 2022. Capturing the group’s twenty-night residency at San Francisco’s Fillmore at the start of 1997, the four-CD set—issued alongside a two-CD distillation—contained covers and lesser-known songs together with appearances by John Lee Hooker and Roger McGuinn.