LOUIS JORDAN

A vibrant saxophonist, Louis Jordan played a central role in shaping and originating the R&B style. His innovative incorporation of lively shuffle beats within small group settings influenced countless artists throughout the 1940s.

Jordan’s prolific and chart-topping tenure at Decca Records yielded numerous landmark recordings, all supported by the irrepressibly swinging Tympany Five and distinguished by his own piercing alto saxophone work alongside a streetwise, joke-filled delivery. He ranked among the earliest Black performers to achieve substantial pop sales; his Decca collaborations paired him with Bing Crosby, Louis Armstrong, and Ella Fitzgerald.

Born to a musical father, Jordan toured as a youngster with the Rabbit Foot Minstrels and later studied music at Arkansas Baptist College. Following his family’s relocation to Philadelphia in 1932, he linked up with pianist Clarence Williams. In 1936 he entered the ranks of drummer Chick Webb’s orchestra, staying until 1938. The experience sharpened his vocal skills and prepared him to launch a solo career.

Jordan’s debut Decca 78, “Honey in the Bee Ball,” appeared in 1938 under the name Elks Rendezvous Band, honoring the Harlem club where he often performed. Beginning in 1939 he led the Tympany Five, a compact unit that sometimes swelled beyond five pieces and at various times included pianists Wild Bill Davis and Bill Doggett, guitarists Carl Hogan and Bill Jennings, bassist Dallas Bartley, and drummer Chris Columbus.

Between 1942 and 1951 Jordan amassed an extraordinary 57 R&B chart entries for Decca, opening with the comic blues “I’m Gonna Leave You on the Outskirts of Town” and closing with “Weak Minded Blues.” In the process he supplied a clear template for R&B’s evolution and, by extension, for rock & roll; Bill Haley & the Comets’ accessible, swinging grooves traced directly back to Jordan, whom Haley repeatedly credited as a decisive influence.

“G.I. Jive,” “Caldonia,” “Buzz Me,” “Choo Choo Ch’ Boogie,” “Ain’t That Just like a Woman,” “Ain’t Nobody Here but Us Chickens,” “Boogie Woogie Blue Plate,” “Beans and Cornbread,” “Saturday Night Fish Fry,” and “Blue Light Boogie” each reached the top of the R&B lists, and many additional sides duplicated that success. Listeners from coast to coast danced energetically to Jordan’s buoyant rhythms.

Jordan enjoyed special favor during World War II, cutting numerous sides for the Armed Forces Radio Service and the V-Disc series. His popularity also carried him to the screen, where he starred in a string of short musical films in the late ’40s—Caldonia, Reet Petite & Gone, Look Out Sister, and Beware—along with numerous soundies. These productions favored performance footage over narrative and offered vivid documentation of his magnetic stage presence; he also made a cameo appearance in the big-budget wartime feature Follow the Boys.

An attempt to lead a full big band in 1951 proved short-lived, yet his trademark high spirits remained undiminished. In 1952 he released the tongue-in-cheek Decca single “Jordan for President.” Although later 78s retained their quality, sales had declined by 1954, prompting a move at the start of that year to Eddie Mesner’s Los Angeles-based Aladdin label. Tracks such as “Dad Gum Ya Hide Boy,” “Messy Bessy,” and “If I Had Any Sense” sound robust today, yet they no longer matched the tastes of younger R&B listeners. In 1955 he recorded for RCA’s brief-lived “X” subsidiary, issuing “Rock ’N’ Roll Call” in an effort to stay contemporary.

A hard-swinging 1956 Mercury session arranged by Quincy Jones recast several Jordan standards for the rock & roll audience, spotlighting fiery guitar from Mickey Baker and robust tenor saxophone by Sam “The Man” Taylor on updated versions of “Let the Good Times Roll,” “Salt Pork, West Virginia,” and “Beware.” The same label also captured his jazz leanings; the 1957 album Man, We’re Wailin’ contained the heated “The JAMF,” a clear showcase of his commanding saxophone technique.

Ray Charles long acknowledged Jordan as a formative influence, recording affectionate versions of “Don’t Let the Sun Catch You Crying” and “Early in the Morning,” and he reciprocated by signing Jordan to his Tangerine imprint. The 1962–1964 releases that followed, though meritorious, met with limited public response.

Steady work in lounges sustained Jordan financially, leading him to tailor his repertoire to those venues. A 1973 album for the French Black & Blue label included his treatment of Mac Davis’s “I Believe in Music.” A heart attack ended his life in 1975, yet he had already forged the link between the swing era and the emergence of R&B.

Interest in his catalog grew after his death, fueled in part by the successful Broadway musical Five Guys Named Moe, which drew on his effervescent songbook and engaging personality.