Rosemary Clooney

Prior to the emergence of rock and roll, Rosemary Clooney ranked among America's foremost female vocalists, attaining widespread acclaim amid the peak years of mainstream adult-oriented pop. Comparable to contemporaries within the "girl singer" cohort such as Doris Day, Kay Starr, Peggy Lee, and Patti Page, her approach drew from jazz foundations, above all the swing of large ensembles. Although she avoided improvisation and lacked the precision of a dedicated jazz specialist, her delivery conveyed an unforced, lively rhythmic pulse while embodying every other attribute expected of an outstanding popular performer in that period. Precise enunciation and phrasing marked her work, complemented by a mellow, fluid, and unstrained timbre; beyond these qualities, she conveyed lyrics with nuance and genuine feeling. While several major successes took the form of novelty numbers laced with regional dialects, notably the breakthrough "Come On-a My House" that launched her stardom in 1951, she favored more refined material overall and collaborated with an array of duet partners, jazz ensembles, and elite arrangers. Shifting public preferences along with assorted private difficulties combined to interrupt her momentum throughout the 1960s. She nonetheless achieved a strong resurgence by the close of the 1970s and sustained live appearances plus studio work for Concord Jazz until her passing from lung cancer in 2002.

Clooney entered the world on May 23, 1928, in Maysville, Kentucky. Early life proved challenging: her father struggled with alcohol, while her mother's employment demanded frequent travel, resulting in the children being passed between parents and various family members. At age 13, her mother wed again and relocated to California, bringing along Clooney's brother Nick (who would later become an actor and television host) while leaving Rosemary and her younger sister Betty under their father's supervision. Initially he sustained the household through employment at a defense facility, yet his difficulties prevailed and he deserted them after the conclusion of World War II. Clooney and her sister sustained themselves through gathering discarded containers and competed in amateur singing contests as a duo (Rosemary having long admired Billie Holiday). They escaped destitution and potential displacement after a successful audition at a Cincinnati radio station toward the end of 1945.

Presented as the Clooney Sisters, Rosemary and Betty delivered regular broadcasts until bandleader Tony Pastor engaged them. By late 1945 the pair had become the featured vocalists with his orchestra, a development increasingly vital in the postwar years. Rosemary issued her debut solo recording in 1946 with "I'm Sorry I Didn't Say I'm Sorry (When I Made You Cry Last Night)," yet she did not pursue an independent path until 1948, when Betty elected to cease touring and return to Cincinnati. Clooney remained with Pastor for one additional year before moving to New York in 1949 and securing a solo agreement with Columbia.

The majority of her initial Columbia releases consisted of material aimed at children, but in 1951 she began an association with producer and A&R executive Mitch Miller. Consistent with his approach to other performers, Miller encouraged Clooney toward novelty selections, in particular an Italian-dialect piece titled "Come On-a My House" co-authored by Armenian-American cousins William Saroyan and Ross Bagdasarian (the latter achieving later renown as the creator of the Chipmunks). She disliked the number and resisted for weeks before acquiescing. Despite her enduring aversion, the track achieved massive commercial impact, exceeding one million copies sold and reaching the summit of the charts in 1951, immediately elevating her to national recognition.

In the ensuing period, Clooney alternated between energetic large-ensemble swing and the lighter novelty items Miller favored, although she consistently preferred the former. She attained exceptional popularity in the era preceding rock and roll, accumulating successive successes that included the number-one singles "Half as Much," "Hey There," and "This Ole House"; the Italian-inflected selections "Botch-a-Me (Ba-Ba-Baciani Piccina)" and "Mambo Italiano"; along with additional signature works such as "Tenderly" and "If Teardrops Were Pennies." She further collaborated with artists including Harry James, Marlene Dietrich (on the hit "Too Old to Cut the Mustard"), Gene Autry ("The Night Before Christmas Song"), Guy Mitchell, George Morgan, and actor José Ferrer, whom she wed in 1953 following a brief courtship.

Paramount Pictures sought to develop Clooney as a film attraction, resulting in her screen debut in the 1953 production The Stars Are Singing. She appeared in additional pictures over the following two years, among them Here Come the Girls, Red Garters, and notably the highly profitable White Christmas, where she performed the selection "Love, You Didn't Do Right by Me." Acting held limited appeal for her, however, leading her to focus instead on radio and television, where she co-hosted a morning program alongside Bing Crosby and launched her own variety series in 1956 that continued through the subsequent year. During the same interval she and Ferrer welcomed five children across the remainder of the 1950s, beginning with future actor Miguel Ferrer in 1955.

Recording activity persisted even as rock and roll reduced her commercial reach. Her selections grew more mature, encompassing work with Duke Ellington on the 1956 album Blue Rose and with Benny Goodman, plus explorations of country standards and Broadway material. Her last Top Ten entry arrived with 1957's "Mangos," after which she departed Columbia for RCA the following year, debuting there via the favorably received collaboration with Bing Crosby on Fancy Meeting You Here. Additional affiliations during the 1960s included MCA, Reprise, Coral, and Capitol.

The demanding tempo of her professional life, combined with her expanding family, exacted a considerable physical and emotional cost. Addiction to prescription medications developed by the late 1950s, and her turbulent marriage to Ferrer concluded in divorce in 1961. Though they reconciled and remarried, a second divorce followed in 1967. Amid ongoing substance issues, her already precarious psychological condition (later identified as bipolar disorder) suffered a further severe shock in 1968 when close friend Bobby Kennedy was assassinated at the Ambassador Hotel in her immediate vicinity. While performing in Reno, Nevada shortly thereafter, she experienced an onstage outburst followed by a nervous collapse. She subsequently withdrew from music and spent time in the psychiatric unit of Los Angeles's Mount Sinai Hospital.

Much of the 1970s was devoted to sustained therapeutic treatment, during which she confronted the sudden loss of her younger sister Betty to a brain aneurysm in 1976. Recovery began that same year when Bing Crosby invited her to participate in his 50th-anniversary tour. The engagement restored her visibility, leading the next year to publication of her candid memoir This for Remembrance and a new recording contract with Concord Jazz. A consistent sequence of albums, typically one annually and occasionally two, continued through the 1990s; these generally showcased her in assured vocal form, balancing vitality with seasoned insight. Repertoire centered on classic American standards, frequently organized around individual composers or lyricists in the spirit of Ella Fitzgerald's songbook projects.

The swing revival of the 1990s renewed interest in her work and that of other established figures such as Tony Bennett. Although she never regarded herself as an authentic jazz vocalist, her 1990s engagements drew strong attendance from jazz listeners and affirmed her stature among leading American pop interpreters. She also made guest appearances portraying an Alzheimer's patient on the medical drama ER, which featured her nephew George Clooney. In 1997 she married longtime companion Dante DiPaolo, whom she had first encountered before her relationship with José Ferrer; the pair reconnected in 1973 and remained together for the ensuing twenty-four years before formalizing their union. A second memoir, Girl Singer, appeared in 1999, and her final concert took place in December 2001. Surgery for lung cancer occurred in January of the following year, after which she remained hospitalized for several months before returning to her Beverly Hills residence, where she died on June 29, 2002.