The Mar-Keys

The Mar-Keys occupy a central position among acts that shaped the Memphis music world, even though their only national success arrived with the 1961 instrumental "Last Night." As the inaugural house band for the storied Stax label, they backed some of the most revered soul sides ever cut, and their original roster later supplied major figures such as guitarist Steve Cropper and bassist Donald "Duck" Dunn.

Formed in 1958 under the initial name Royal Spades, the lineup featured drummer Terry Johnson, pianist Jerry Lee "Smoochie" Smith, saxophonists Don Nix and Charles Axton, trumpeter Wayne Jackson, plus Cropper and Dunn. In 1960 the group entered the employ of Satellite Records, owned by Estelle Axton, mother of saxophonist Charles Axton, supplying support for artists that included Rufus Thomas and daughter Carla.

One year later the Mar-Keys fronted the Chips Moman composition "Last Night," which rose to the number three spot in summer 1961. After Satellite adopted the Stax name, the band remained in place, laying the groundwork for the classic Memphis soul sound through its funky, sophisticated grooves while also issuing singles such as "Pop-Eye Stroll," "The Morning After," and "Philly Dog," none of which matched the earlier hit's sales.

Cropper and Dunn exited in 1962 to help launch Booker T. and the MG's. Subsequent personnel adjustments continued, yet the Mar-Keys kept performing for several more years before the name was retired. Jackson then assembled the Memphis Horns, another elite session unit, while Axton directed the Packers to a 1965 hit with "Hole in the Wall." Nix launched a solo career and produced sessions for artists including Freddie King, Jeff Beck, and Furry Lewis.